CT and/or MRI imaging of the brain is useful in the exclusion of important differentials for ICANS (such as intracerebral haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke, or central nervous system infection).
Neuroimaging is normal in most patients with ICANS, but a broad range of imaging abnormalities may be found. On MRI scan, hyperintensities or microhaemorrhages in the thalami or white matter may be seen, or leptomeningeal enhancement that may mimic meningitis. There may also be generalised cerebral oedema or PRES-like findings5.
